Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory zone includes the alveoli, and the conducting zone includes the trachea.

Question 2

A patient suffers a puncture wound that causes the intrapleural pressure ($$P_{ip}) to $$equal atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}). $$What is the most likely consequence for the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The lungs would immediately collapse.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

The fusion of the type I and type II alveolar cells

Question 4

Which of the following pairs is mismatched regarding the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

None are mismatched

Question 5

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of its container decreases?

Accepted Answer

Pressure increases

Question 6

Which equation correctly describes the relationship between gas flow ($$F$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 7

A premature infant is diagnosed with infant respiratory distress syndrome. What is the primary physiological problem?

Accepted Answer

Lack of surfactant, which lowers surface tension

Question 8

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is proportional to its percentage. If atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}) $$decreases, what happens to the partial pressure ($$PP) of a $$gas?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure decreases

Question 9

Why is the rate of $$CO_2$$ exchange across the respiratory membrane roughly equivalent to that of $$O_2$$, despite $$CO_2$$ having a less steep pressure gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 is $$more soluble in water than $$O_2$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A shift to the right in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Question 11

A climber ascends to high altitude, where $$P_{atm} is $$lower. According to Dalton’s Law, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen ($$PO_2) in $$the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

$$PO_2$$ decreases

Question 12

Which enzyme in red blood cells catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid from $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 13

Most $$CO_2 is $$transported in the blood in which form?

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ions in plasma after first entering red blood cells

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the chloride shift in red blood cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

It counterbalances the exodus of bicarbonate ions from red blood cells

Question 15

A patient is hyperventilating. What effect does this have on blood $$CO_2$$ levels and blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood $$CO_2$$ levels decrease, blood pH increases

Question 16

Which group of neurons is primarily responsible for setting the basic rhythm of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Question 17

Which chemical factor in blood provides the most powerful stimulus to breathe, and which chemoreceptors are most important?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2$$; central chemoreceptors

Question 18

Which of the following factors does NOT decrease hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, thus promoting oxygen unloading to tissues?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in $$PCO_2$$

Question 19

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased airway resistance. According to the equation $$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$, what happens to airflow ($$F) if $$resistance ($$R) $$increases and pressure difference ($$\Delta P) $$remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Airflow decreases

Question 20

Which law explains why a gas with a higher partial pressure and greater solubility will dissolve faster in a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Henry’s Law

Respiratory System Poll Questions – Step-by-Step Anatomy & Physiology Guidance

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