Q: Which of the following best describes the process of sensory transduction in a mechanoreceptor?

Mechanically gated Na\textsuperscript{+} channels open, allowing Na\textsuperscript{+} to enter and generate a receptor potential. If threshold is reached, an action potential is produced.

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between stimulus intensity and action potential generation in a sensory neuron?

$$I_{stimulus} \rightarrow V_{receptor\ potential} \rightarrow \text{Action Potential if } V_{receptor\ potential} \geq V_{threshold}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of sensory transduction in a mechanoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically gated Na	extsuperscript{+} channels open, allowing Na	extsuperscript{+} to enter and generate a receptor potential. If threshold is reached, an action potential is produced.

Question 2

A patient has lost the ability to sense joint position and movement. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the receptor type with its primary stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors — Pain

Question 4

Why do fingertips have a lower two-point discrimination threshold compared to the forearm?

Accepted Answer

Fingertips have more sensory neurons with smaller receptive fields.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Merkel cell fibers?

Accepted Answer

They are slowly adapting receptors that detect form and texture.

Question 6

A person touches a hot surface at 50°C. Which receptor is most likely to detect this stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptors

Question 7

Which statement best explains why lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles are suited for detecting deep pressure?

Accepted Answer

They are rapidly adapting receptors located deep within the dermis and have a layered, onion-like structure.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between exteroceptors and interoceptors?

Accepted Answer

Exteroceptors detect stimuli outside the body, while interoceptors detect stimuli originating inside the body.

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of Meissner’s (tactile) corpuscles?

Accepted Answer

They are rapidly adapting receptors found in dermal papillae.

Question 10

A patient is unable to distinguish between two closely spaced points on their forearm but can do so on their fingertip. What does this indicate about the receptive fields in these areas?

Accepted Answer

The forearm has larger receptive fields and fewer sensory neurons than the fingertip.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between stimulus intensity and action potential generation in a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$I_{stimulus} ightarrow V_{receptor\ potential} ightarrow 	ext{Action Potential if } V_{receptor\ potential} \geq V_{threshold}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

They are pseudounipolar neurons with a cell body in the posterior root ganglion and two axons.

Question 13

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting discriminative touch but not as fine as Merkel cell fibers?

Accepted Answer

Meissner’s (tactile) corpuscles

Question 14

Which of the following best explains sensory adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding thermoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

Cold receptors are located in the superficial dermis and respond to temperatures between 10°C and 40°C.

Question 16

A person feels a gentle breeze causing their arm hair to bend. Which receptor is primarily responsible for detecting this stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Hair follicle receptors

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of Ruffini endings?

Accepted Answer

Respond to stretch and movement in the dermis, hypodermis, and ligaments.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a general sense?

Accepted Answer

Detection of light by photoreceptors

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in sensation?

Accepted Answer

The PNS detects stimuli via sensory receptors and transmits signals to the CNS for integration and interpretation.

Role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in Sensation: Sensory Receptors and Sensory Transduction 12

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