Question 1

Which type of photoreceptor is responsible for detecting color in the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Cones

Question 2

A person is exposed to light with a wavelength of 610 nm. According to the cone response curves, which cones are most stimulated and what color will the person perceive?

Accepted Answer

L cone and M cone; orange

Question 3

Which opsin is missing in individuals with the most common form of red/green color blindness?

Accepted Answer

MWS (medium wavelength sensitive) opsin

Question 4

If all three cone types (S, M, L) are equally excited by a certain wavelength of light, what color will be perceived?

Accepted Answer

White

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of rods in the human retina?

Accepted Answer

Detect light intensity and function best in low light

Question 6

Given the absorption peaks of the three cone types (S: 420 nm, M: 535 nm, L: 565 nm), which wavelength would most strongly excite the M cone?

Accepted Answer

$$535\ \mathrm{nm}$$

Question 7

A patient with a mutation in the gene coding for the MWS opsin is exposed to light at $$540\ \mathrm{nm}. $$Which cones will be stimulated and what color will they perceive?

Accepted Answer

Only L cone; yellow

Question 8

Which formula best represents the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye?

Accepted Answer

$$380\ \mathrm{nm} \leq \lambda \leq 700\ \mathrm{nm}$$

Question 9

In very low light conditions, which photoreceptor type is primarily responsible for vision?

Accepted Answer

Rods

Question 10

If a red flower and a green leaf reflect the same amount of light in very low light conditions, which will appear brighter and why?

Accepted Answer

Red flower; rods are most important in low light and red wavelengths excite multiple cone cells

Question 11

Which pigment is found in rods and is responsible for their light sensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Rhodopsin

Question 12

A person is exposed to light at $$390\ \mathrm{nm}. $$Which cone type is most excited and what color is perceived?

Accepted Answer

S cone; violet

Question 13

Which of the following statements about color perception is correct?

Accepted Answer

Color is perceived from the relative signal from each cone

Question 14

If a person lacks the SWS opsin, which color would they have difficulty perceiving?

Accepted Answer

Blue

Question 15

Which cone type is most sensitive to wavelengths around $$565\ \mathrm{nm}$$?

Accepted Answer

L cone

Question 16

A person with normal vision is exposed to light at $$505\ \mathrm{nm}. $$Which cones are most excited and what color is perceived?

Accepted Answer

M cone only; green

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why rods do not contribute to color vision?

Accepted Answer

Rods contain only one type of opsin, rhodopsin, which does not differentiate between wavelengths

Question 18

If a person is missing the gene for the LWS opsin, which color would they have difficulty distinguishing?

Accepted Answer

Red

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the excitation of cones by increasing wavelength?

Accepted Answer

S cone → M cone → L cone

Question 20

A person is exposed to light at $$420\ \mathrm{nm}$$, $$535\ \mathrm{nm}$$, and $$565\ \mathrm{nm}$$ simultaneously. What color will they perceive?

Accepted Answer

White

Sensation of Light by Rods and Cones: Visual Pigments and Color Perception

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