Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

It stores minerals like calcium, produces blood cells, protects vital organs, and enables movement with the help of muscles.

Question 2

Which component of the bone matrix is primarily responsible for bone flexibility and tensile strength?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 3

A child is diagnosed with rickets. Which deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D or calcium deficiency

Question 4

During bone repair, which step immediately follows the formation of a hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus formation

Question 5

Which hormone increases bone resorption and decreases calcium deposition in bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A postmenopausal woman is at increased risk for osteoporosis. Which physiological change is most responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in estrogen levels

Question 7

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of movement?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Question 8

What is the primary function of red bone marrow in children?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 9

Which process is responsible for replacing old bone tissue with new bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling

Question 10

A patient with Paget’s disease will most likely have bones that are:

Accepted Answer

But weak and deformed due to abnormal and excessive bone remodeling.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop for calcium homeostasis involving parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} \downarrow \Rightarrow PTH \uparrow \Rightarrow Osteoclast~activity \uparrow \Rightarrow $$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} \uparrow$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cartilage is replaced by bone during growth?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is flexible but not strong enough to support weight, protect organs, or store minerals.

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating longitudinal bone growth during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 14

What is the main difference between interstitial and appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth increases bone length; appositional growth increases bone thickness.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the steps in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Soft callus formation → Hard callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 16

Which type of joint is found between the bones of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous joint (suture)

Question 17

A patient presents with brittle bones and frequent fractures. Blood tests reveal low vitamin D levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 18

Which structure stabilizes a joint by connecting bone to bone and preventing excessive movement?

Accepted Answer

Ligament

Question 19

If the epiphyseal plate closes prematurely in a child, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Stunted longitudinal bone growth

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of bone lengthening during growth?

Accepted Answer

$$Cartilage~cells~divide \rightarrow Epiphyseal~plate~expands \rightarrow Bone~length~increases$$

Skeletal and Muscular System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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