Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of hyaline cartilage in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Forms the articular surfaces of joints and supports respiratory structures

Question 2

A 12-year-old patient is experiencing abnormal bone growth. Which process is most likely affected if the epiphyseal plate is not functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 3

Which of the following statements about osteoclasts is correct?

Accepted Answer

They resorb bone matrix, playing a key role in bone remodeling

Question 4

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption exceeds bone deposition, leading to decreased bone mass

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form in the periosteum, cartilage hypertrophies, cartilage calcifies, blood vessels invade, osteoclasts remove calcified cartilage

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for maintaining the bone matrix and is found in lacunae?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 7

A 65-year-old woman presents with a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density scan shows low bone mass. Which hormone is most likely decreased, contributing to her condition?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why trabeculae in spongy bone are oriented along lines of stress?

Accepted Answer

To resist mechanical stress according to Wolff's law

Question 9

A child with rickets is likely to have which of the following abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Soft bones due to insufficient crystallized salts

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the main inorganic component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 11

A patient suffers a compound (open) fracture. Which of the following is the correct sequence for bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone, increasing blood calcium levels

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Provides a surface for muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why compact bone is organized into osteons?

Accepted Answer

To provide a structural unit that resists stress and allows for nutrient delivery

Question 15

A 30-year-old athlete increases the load on his femur through weight training. According to Wolff's law, what is the expected response of his bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone will grow or remodel in response to the increased mechanical stress

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between appositional and interstitial growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth involves chondrocytes dividing and secreting new matrix from within

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from fibrous connective tissue membranes

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling involves both deposition by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts

Question 19

A patient with Paget's disease is most likely to have which of the following bone abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why osteomalacia results in soft bones?

Accepted Answer

There is insufficient deposition of crystallized salts in the bone matrix

Skeletal Cartilage and Bone: Structure, Function, and Development

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