Question 1

Arrange the following muscle structures from largest to smallest: whole muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament. Which is the correct order?

Accepted Answer

whole muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin to initiate the process?

Accepted Answer

Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 3

A myofibril contains many ______. A myocyte contains many ______.

Accepted Answer

sarcomeres, myofibrils

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the muscle fiber membrane, initiating an action potential.

Question 5

Which structure in a muscle cell stores calcium ions and releases them during contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

If the X-axis of a graph is age (from 1 to 80 years) and the Y-axis is the number of myofibers, which line best represents the speed of myofiber loss over time?

Accepted Answer

A downward-sloping line, indicating gradual loss

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding skeletal muscle cell formation?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle cells (myocytes) are formed by fusion of myoblasts and are multinucleate.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the location of nuclei in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are located peripherally, just beneath the cell membrane.

Question 10

A patient has a genetic defect affecting the troponin protein. Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Binding of Ca$$^{2+} to $$initiate muscle contraction

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitochondria in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing calcium for contraction

Question 12

Which part of the sarcomere shortens during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The I band

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of satellite cells in muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are adult stem cells involved in muscle growth and repair.

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between force (F), cross-sectional area (A), and muscle tension (T)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = T 	imes A$$

Question 15

A lower motor neuron is damaged. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness or paralysis in the affected area

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber.

Question 17

Which protein forms the thick filament in the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 18

During a muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after Ca$$^{2+}$$ binds to troponin?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin shifts, exposing myosin-binding sites on actin.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by the fusion of multiple myoblasts during development.

Question 20

Which of the following muscle types relies primarily on extracellular Ca$$^{2+}$$ for contraction?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal Muscle System: Histology & Physiology Study Notes

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