Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of articular cartilage in the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

It covers the surfaces of bones at joints to reduce friction and absorb shock.

Question 2

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; derived from monocytes

Question 3

A patient presents with brittle bones due to a genetic disorder affecting collagen production. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone is less dense and organized into trabeculae.

Question 6

During bone growth, which process is responsible for increasing the length of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 7

A 10-year-old child suffers a partial fracture of the radius after falling. What type of fracture is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Greenstick fracture

Question 8

Which structure allows for communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 9

If the inorganic component of bone matrix is removed, what would be the result?

Accepted Answer

Bone would become soft and unable to resist compression.

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the formation of hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3OH$

Question 11

Which bone structure is the site for tendon and ligament attachment and contains osteoprogenitor cells for growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 12

A patient with excessive growth hormone secretion after epiphyseal plate closure will most likely develop:

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 14

Which type of bone is found within tendons and provides protection from stress and wear?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 15

Which process is responsible for increasing the diameter of bones during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bone is able to resist both compression and twisting forces?

Accepted Answer

Bone matrix is composed of both collagen fibers and mineral deposits.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus formation → Bony callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the blood supply to bone?

Accepted Answer

Bones have an extensive blood supply, with vessels entering and exiting through foramina.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are channels that connect lacunae and allow for transport between bone cells.

Question 20

A patient with low blood calcium is given a medication that increases calcitriol synthesis. What effect will this have?

Accepted Answer

It will increase calcium absorption from food.

Skeletal System: Bone Tissue – Structure, Types, and Functions

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