Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 2

A long bone such as the femur contains a central space called the medullary cavity. What is the primary function of this cavity?

Accepted Answer

It stores bone marrow, which is involved in blood cell production and fat storage.

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone matrix during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

The matrix of bone is primarily composed of which two substances?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers and calcium phosphate

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow $$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3(OH$$)$$

Question 6

Which bone structure is found at the junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Metaphysis

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, what is the first step in the formation of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Development of a primary ossification center inside hyaline cartilage

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae.

Question 9

Which bone cell type is a stem cell that can differentiate into osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 10

A patient has a bone that appears normal in shape but is extremely flexible. Which component is most likely missing from the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Calcium salts

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the thickening and strengthening of long bones during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Provides a route for blood vessels and nerves

Question 13

Which bone marking is most likely to be found where a tendon attaches to a bone?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the diploë is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the spongy bone layer found between two layers of compact bone in flat bones of the skull.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why trabeculae in spongy bone are arranged along lines of stress?

Accepted Answer

To efficiently transfer forces and support body weight

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

It produces dermal bones such as the mandible and clavicle.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage model forms, primary ossification center develops, secondary ossification centers form, epiphyseal closure occurs

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between osteocytes.

Question 19

A radiograph shows an epiphyseal line in a long bone. What does this indicate about the bone?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal growth has ceased and the bone has reached its adult length.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a deficiency in calcium phosphate in the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Bones become weak and prone to fractures due to reduced mineralization.

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Structure (Part 1) – Study Notes

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