Question 1

Which of the following best describes the functional properties of hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It provides smooth surfaces for joint movement and supports respiratory structures, found in articular surfaces and the trachea.

Question 2

Which bone marking is most likely to indicate a site of muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity

Question 3

A patient presents with osteoporosis. Which cell type is most likely overactive, leading to excessive bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop regulating blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} \uparrow \rightarrow Calcitonin \uparrow \rightarrow Osteoblast~activity \uparrow \rightarrow $$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} \downarrow$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate

Question 7

Which of the following best describes Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

Bone adapts to the mechanical stresses placed upon it.

Question 8

A patient suffers a fracture in the shaft of the femur. Which bone region is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 9

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of compact bone compared to spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Contains osteons (Haversian systems)

Question 10

Which of the following joints allows the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 11

Which equation best represents the chemical composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Bone~Matrix = Collagen~Fibers + Hydroxyapatite~(Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint and the movement it allows?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket; multiaxial movement

Question 13

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for the attachment of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between true and false ribs?

Accepted Answer

True ribs attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilage; false ribs attach indirectly or not at all.

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary spinal curvature present at birth?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic curvature

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of bursae?

Accepted Answer

Reduce friction between moving structures such as tendons and bones

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Accepted Answer

Symphysis

Question 19

Which movement is allowed by the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?

Accepted Answer

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue without a cartilage precursor.

Skeletal System, Cartilage, Bone, and Joints: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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