Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human skeleton and provides support, flexibility, and resilience?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient suffers a meniscus tear in the knee. Which type of cartilage is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Which process describes cartilage growth from the inside out, where chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 4

Which function of bone is directly related to the process of hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Blood cell formation

Question 5

A long bone consists of a shaft and two ends. What is the name of the shaft?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from the same stem cells as macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 7

What is the main inorganic component of bone that provides hardness and resistance to compression?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals)

Question 8

Which hormone stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone, increasing blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

According to Wolff's law, which of the following best explains why the bones of a weightlifter are thicker at muscle attachment sites?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress from muscle activity stimulates bone remodeling at attachment sites

Question 10

During bone fracture repair, which stage involves the formation of a mass of clotted blood at the injury site?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation

Question 11

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerve fibers and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 12

If a patient becomes anemic, which bone marrow type can convert to the other to increase blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass recycled per week and total bone mass, if $$x is $$the percentage recycled and $$M is $$total bone mass?

Accepted Answer

$$M_{recycled} = x 	imes M$$

Question 14

Which bone cell acts as a stress or strain sensor, responding to mechanical stimuli and communicating with other bone cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Covers internal bone surfaces

Question 16

Which type of bone growth is responsible for the increase in thickness of bones throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 17

A child has a deficiency in growth hormone. What is the most likely effect on their bones?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal skeletal growth and reduced bone length

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoid in bone?

Accepted Answer

Contributes to tensile strength and flexibility

Question 19

Which bone classification includes the patella, which forms within tendons?

Accepted Answer

Short bone (sesamoid)

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the skeleton by replacing hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Skeletal System: Cartilages and Bones – Structure, Function, and Classification

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