Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bone tissue is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue consists of widely separated cells surrounded by a large amount of extracellular matrix.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and menisci of the knee, and what is its main structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous cartilage; contains dense bundles of collagen fibers

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate

Question 5

A bone scan reveals areas of increased metabolic activity. What could this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Bone cancer or abnormal healing

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; by releasing lysosomal enzymes and acids

Question 7

Which equation best represents the mineral composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 8

During bone remodeling, which two processes occur simultaneously to maintain bone strength and mineral homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Resorption and deposition

Question 9

A child’s X-ray shows an open epiphyseal plate in the femur. What does this indicate about the child’s bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Bone growth in length is still occurring

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system related to mineral homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Storage and release of calcium and phosphate ions

Question 11

Which structure covers the outer surface of bone and contains blood vessels and nerves essential for bone nourishment and repair?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 12

Which type of bone tissue is organized into concentric rings called lamellae surrounding a central canal?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal cells without a cartilage model

Question 14

A patient with osteoporosis is likely to show which of the following changes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Loss of bone mass due to decreased production of matrix proteins

Question 15

Which type of cartilage helps maintain the shape of the external ear and epiglottis after deformation?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts secrete matrix and collagen fibers to build new bone.

Question 17

Which equation represents the process of bone resorption by osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2 \rightarrow 10Ca$$^{2+}$$ + 6PO_4$$^{3-}$$ + 2OH$$^{-}$$

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Reshaping of the alveolar bone during orthodontic treatment with braces

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 20

Which type of bone is formed by replacing a hyaline cartilage model during development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral bone

Skeletal System: Histology of Bone and Cartilage

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