$$ \frac{99}{100} \times 100\% $$

$$ \text{Hardness} = \text{Ca}^{2+} + \text{Phosphate} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and soft bones. Blood tests reveal low levels of vitamin D. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and releases lysosomal enzymes and acids to digest bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, which structure forms first?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar around the diaphysis of hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

Compact bone is organized into structural units called:

Accepted Answer

Osteons

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

Mature bone cells that maintain bone and act as stress sensors

Question 8

A long bone's diaphysis is primarily composed of which type of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the formation of cranial bones and the clavicle during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 10

Which of the following zones in the epiphyseal plate is responsible for cell division and rapid growth, contributing to bone lengthening?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation zone

Question 11

A 65-year-old woman presents with decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures. Which of the following best explains her condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis due to increased bone resorption

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the percentage of calcium stored in bone compared to the total calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{99}{100} 	imes 100\% $$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Connect lacunae and allow communication between osteocytes

Question 15

Which dietary nutrient is essential for the synthesis of collagen in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 16

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains trabeculae oriented along stress lines

Question 17

Which hormone from adipose tissue may inhibit osteoblast activity?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 18

A child with a deficiency in vitamin D is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts

Question 20

Which equation best represents the calculation for bone matrix hardness due to inorganic components?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Hardness} = 	ext{Ca}^{2+} + 	ext{Phosphate} $$

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Bone Physiology

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