Question 1

Which function of the skeletal system is most directly responsible for protecting the brain and spinal cord from mechanical injury?

Accepted Answer

Protection

Question 2

A patient with a calcium deficiency is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following best explains the underlying issue in rickets?

Accepted Answer

Bones become flexible due to insufficient mineralization of the matrix

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for synthesizing the bone matrix (osteoid) and can later become embedded as an osteocyte?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 4

Which connective tissue type is found in ligaments and tendons, and is characterized by parallel collagen fibers in a watery ground substance?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 5

A patient presents with osteoporosis. Which of the following best describes the change in bone matrix associated with this condition?

Accepted Answer

Loss of mineralized matrix, leading to weak bone

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of an osteon (compact bone unit)?

Accepted Answer

Concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 7

Which process in bone remodeling involves osteoclasts secreting acids and enzymes to dissolve minerals and collagen?

Accepted Answer

Resorption

Question 8

Which type of cartilage is best suited to resist compression in high-load areas such as intervertebral discs and the menisci of the knee?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3(OH$$)$$

Question 10

A fracture occurs in the shaft of a long bone. Which type of bone tissue is primarily affected, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone; provides strength for weight-bearing and muscle attachment

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It reduces overall bone weight and creates space for marrow cavities

Question 12

Which cell type is embedded within the lamellae of both trabeculae and osteons, and is responsible for nutrient/waste exchange in bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 13

A patient suffers from osteogenesis imperfecta, a disease characterized by brittle bones. Which component of the bone matrix is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between ligaments and tendons?

Accepted Answer

Ligaments connect bone to bone; tendons connect muscle to bone

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Activation → Resorption → Reversal → Formation → Quiescence

Question 16

Which feature is unique to trabeculae (spongy bone) compared to osteons (compact bone)?

Accepted Answer

Large intertrabecular spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow

Question 17

Which type of cartilage contains thin, almost invisible collagen fibers and is found in articular surfaces of joints?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 18

A patient with a meniscus tear in the knee is most likely to have damage to which type of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of yellow marrow in the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

It stores adipose tissue as an emergency energy reserve

Question 20

Which cell type is derived from white blood cells and is responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Connective Tissues

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