Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site of keratinocyte mitosis and contains melanocytes.

Question 2

A patient receives a tattoo. Why does the tattoo remain visible for years, even as the epidermis is constantly shed and replaced?

Accepted Answer

Tattoo ink is deposited in the dermis, which is not shed like the epidermis.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is responsible for detecting deep pressure and vibration in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

Question 4

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 5

A burn patient has lost the entire epidermis and part of the dermis. Which of the following best describes the tissue type that is primarily damaged in the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes apocrine sweat glands from eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands become active at puberty and secrete into hair follicles.

Question 7

A histological section of skin shows a structure composed of concentric layers of connective tissue with a central nerve ending. What is the most likely function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Detecting deep pressure and vibration

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the hypodermis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains abundant adipose tissue and anchors the skin to underlying structures.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

Question 10

A patient presents with a loss of tactile sensation in the fingertips. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscle

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Glassy appearance and abundant extracellular matrix

Question 12

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix during bone remodeling.

Question 14

A long bone is fractured at the diaphysis. Which of the following best describes the tissue found in the central cavity of the diaphysis in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Yellow bone marrow

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It provides a surface for the attachment of tendons and ligaments.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone matrix} = 	ext{organic components} + 	ext{inorganic components}$$

Question 17

A child is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the epiphyseal plate. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal bone growth

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the outer layer of bones and contains osteons; spongy bone contains trabeculae and is found in the epiphyses.

Question 19

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of collagen fibers in bone. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Bones would be brittle and prone to fracture.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to raise the hair, causing 'goosebumps'.

Skin and Skeletal System: Structure, Function, and Histology

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