Question 1

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow, reddish brown, or black coloration of human skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 2

A patient presents with a yellowish cast to their skin. Which condition is most likely indicated by this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice due to liver disorder

Question 3

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing sebum, and what is one of its main functions?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland; prevents hair from becoming brittle

Question 4

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous and plays a major role in body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine gland

Question 5

A person experiences blanching (paleness) of the skin. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 6

Which layer of the hair is most heavily keratinized and provides protection to the hair shaft?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Question 7

A patient presents with clusters of boils caused by bacterial infection. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Carbuncle

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of a third-degree (full-thickness) burn?

Accepted Answer

Burned area is painless and requires skin grafts

Question 9

According to the rule of nines, what percentage of the body surface area does each of the 11 major areas represent?

Accepted Answer

$$9\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following criteria would deem a burn as 'critical'?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burns of the face, hands, feet, or genitals

Question 11

Which type of skin cancer arises from cells in the stratum basale and is the least malignant?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 12

A patient presents with a scaly, reddened papule that gradually forms a shallow ulcer. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the ABCDE rule for recognizing malignant melanoma?

Accepted Answer

Density of the lesion

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why skin loses elasticity and thins with aging?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in collagen and elastin fibers

Question 15

Which structure is responsible for pulling hairs upright when a person is cold or frightened?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 16

A patient has pink, fluid-filled raised lesions around the mouth and nose caused by bacterial infection. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Impetigo

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Prevents hair from becoming brittle

Question 18

Which pigment found in the skin is also present in some vegetables and contributes to an orange-yellow hue?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 19

Which type of gland releases sweat containing fatty acids and proteins, and is mainly found in the armpit and genital areas?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine gland

Question 20

A patient presents with red, epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales that itch and burn. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Psoriasis

Skin Structure, Pigmentation, and Appendages: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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