Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of bone tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in a bone that is classified as 'short.' Which of the following bones is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Carpal bone

Question 3

Which part of a long bone is responsible for the growth in length during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 4

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains the increased risk of fractures in her bones?

Accepted Answer

Demineralization and decreased collagen synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue without a cartilage model

Question 6

During bone remodeling, which cells are primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 7

A patient has a blood calcium level of $$6\ \mathrm{mg/dL}. $$Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why compact bone is found in the diaphysis of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It resists the physical stress and weight placed on the bone

Question 9

A child presents with a greenstick fracture. Which of the following best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

One side of the bone bends while the other side breaks

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → cartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum in bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteogenic cells that contribute to appositional growth and fracture repair

Question 12

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains trabeculae and is found in short, flat, and irregular bones

Question 13

A patient with a compound fracture is at increased risk for which of the following complications compared to a simple fracture?

Accepted Answer

Infection due to bone ends protruding through the skin

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the importance of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between osteocytes and blood vessels

Question 15

During appositional growth, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts in the periosteum add new bone tissue to the outer surface

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of hematopoiesis, producing blood cells

Question 17

A patient with a parathyroid tumor is producing excess PTH. Which of the following would you expect to find in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood calcium levels due to enhanced bone resorption

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the blood and nerve supply of bone?

Accepted Answer

Nerves in bone sense tissue damage and send pain messages

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the medullary cavity increases in diameter during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts in the endosteum break down bone tissue from the inside

Question 20

A 10-year-old child is growing rapidly in height. Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate

Structure and Function of Bone: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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