Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in relation to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It returns excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, helping to maintain fluid balance.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in their right lymphatic duct. Which of the following areas would most likely experience edema as a result?

Accepted Answer

Right arm

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Pumping lymph through the lymphatic vessels

Question 4

If the pressure in the interstitial fluid decreases significantly, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid will move from the interstitial space into the blood capillaries.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the cisterna chyli?

Accepted Answer

It is a large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower limbs and intestines.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of lymph from the tissues back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries → lymph nodes → lymphatic trunks → collecting ducts → subclavian veins

Question 7

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation, and what is its physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Redness, caused by vasodilation

Question 8

A patient is unable to mount an effective immune response to pathogens entering through the mucous membranes of the gut. Which lymphatic tissue is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is non-specific and responds quickly; adaptive immunity is specific and develops memory.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) that lyses pathogens

Question 11

A person receives a vaccine and develops immunity to a disease. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificial active immunity

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why adaptive immunity is slower to respond than innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity requires clonal selection and expansion of specific lymphocytes.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC molecules present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.

Question 14

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of memory B cells. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

They would have a reduced or absent secondary immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis by neutrophils during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils engulf and digest pathogens after migrating to the site of infection.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_h$$), osmotic pressure ($$P_o$$), and net filtration pressure ($$NFP) in $$capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = P_h - P_o$$

Question 17

A patient with a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired filtration of blood-borne pathogens

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of natural killer (NK) cells in immune surveillance?

Accepted Answer

They destroy infected or abnormal self-cells by inducing apoptosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of lymph through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Lymph enters through afferent vessels and exits through efferent vessels.

Question 20

A child is born without a thymus. Which of the following immune functions would be most severely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T lymphocytes

Structure and Function of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Study Notes

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