Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

To generate voluntary movement and maintain posture

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which sarcomere band does NOT change in length, and why?

Accepted Answer

The A band, because the length of thick filaments remains constant

Question 3

Which event occurs first at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to initiate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron

Question 4

A patient is exposed to botulinum toxin. Which process at the NMJ is directly inhibited, leading to muscle paralysis?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Thin filaments slide past thick filaments, shortening the sarcomere

Question 6

Which step in excitation-contraction coupling directly triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the T-tubule membrane

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the regeneration of ATP from creatine phosphate in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Creatine\ phosphate} + \mathrm{ADP} \rightarrow \mathrm{Creatine} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 8

During intense exercise, muscle cells rely more on anaerobic respiration. What is a major consequence of this metabolic shift?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of lactic acid, leading to muscle fatigue

Question 9

Which of the following is required for aerobic respiration to generate ATP in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 10

A motor unit consists of:

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 11

Which of the following best describes muscle hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

Increase in the size of existing muscle fibers

Question 12

Which process requires ATP during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Detachment of myosin heads from actin after the power stroke

Question 13

Which term refers to the point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively stationary during contraction?

Accepted Answer

Origin

Question 14

Which of the following is a general age-related effect on skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in muscle mass and increased risk of atrophy

Question 15

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of tetanus in muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

A muscle fiber receives rapid, repeated stimuli and remains in sustained contraction

Question 16

Which of the following is a homeostatic response of the muscular system to exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and improved oxygen delivery to tissues

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches the structural component of a sarcomere with its function?

Accepted Answer

M line: anchors thick filaments in the center of the sarcomere

Question 18

Which formula represents the net ATP yield from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2O + 36\mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why ATP is required for muscle relaxation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is needed to pump calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Study Guide: Muscular System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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