Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a tract and a nerve in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A tract is a collection of axons in the CNS, while a nerve is a collection of axons in the PNS.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for anchoring the spinal cord to the coccyx and preventing excessive movement?

Accepted Answer

Filum terminale

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the nervous system region with its major component?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter in the CNS consists of cell bodies, dendrites, and short unmyelinated axons.

Question 4

A patient suffers a lesion that damages the ascending tracts of the spinal cord. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of sensory information to the brain

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why spinal nerves are classified as mixed nerves?

Accepted Answer

They contain both sensory and motor axons.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 7

A reflex arc typically involves which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → effector

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of nerve plexuses?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the redistribution of nerve fibers to ensure that each muscle receives innervation from more than one spinal nerve.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the cauda equina is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a bundle of spinal nerve roots that extend beyond the conus medullaris.

Question 10

A patient has lost motor function but retains sensation in a specific region of the body. Which part of the spinal cord is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Ventral (anterior) horn

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves and the number of vertebrae in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{spinal\ nerves} = 8\ cervical + 12\ thoracic + 5\ lumbar + 5\ sacral + 1\ coccygeal$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the descending tracts in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Carrying motor commands from the brain to the body

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the subarachnoid space?

Accepted Answer

It contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the spinal cord.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Central canal – transmits motor signals to the periphery

Question 15

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin overlying the deltoid muscle. Which spinal nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

C5

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It is organized into columns called funiculi, containing ascending and descending tracts.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key event in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Activation of a sensory receptor by a stimulus

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the function of the conus medullaris?

Accepted Answer

It is the tapered, terminal end of the spinal cord.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of neuroglia in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

They provide support and protection for neurons.

Question 20

A patient is unable to withdraw their hand from a hot object. Which part of the reflex arc is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Study Guide: Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes (A&P)

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