Question 1

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of motor function but intact sensory function in a limb. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Anterior root

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of gray matter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Contains neuron cell bodies; responsible for processing and integration

Question 4

The primary motor cortex is located in which cerebral lobe?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 5

Which structure connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 6

A blockage in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can lead to which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocephalus

Question 7

Which equation best represents the formation rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) if the total volume is $$V_{CSF}$$ and the turnover time is $$T$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{V_{CSF}}{T}$$

Question 8

Which of the following substances can easily cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble molecules

Question 9

Damage to the substantia nigra is most closely associated with which neurological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson’s disease

Question 10

Which cranial nerve is responsible for innervating the diaphragm and is essential for breathing?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve

Question 11

A spinal cord injury at the level of C3 is more fatal than at C7 because:

Accepted Answer

C3 injury affects the phrenic nerve, compromising respiration

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

Maintains consciousness and alertness

Question 13

Which equation would you use to calculate the conduction velocity ($$v) of a $$nerve fiber if the distance ($$d) $$and time ($$t) $$are known?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new memories

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the face and hands have a disproportionately large representation in the motor and sensory homunculus?

Accepted Answer

They require fine motor control and have more sensory receptors

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Control of voluntary muscle movement

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of sensory transduction?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of a stimulus into an electrical signal

Question 18

Which equation would you use to calculate the total number of spinal nerves ($$N) if $$there are $$C$$ cervical, $$T$$ thoracic, $$L$$ lumbar, $$S$$ sacral, and $$Co$$ coccygeal nerves?

Accepted Answer

$$N = C + T + L + S + Co$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi tendon reflex?

Accepted Answer

Prevents muscle damage by causing relaxation

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body?

Accepted Answer

Motor tracts cross over in the medulla oblongata

Study Guide: The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems (Chapters 12 & 13)

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