Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Q: Which equation describes the relationship between membrane potential ($$V_m$$), ion concentrations, and permeability according to the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation?

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{\text{out}} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{\text{out}} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{\text{in}}}{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{\text{in}} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{\text{in}} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{\text{out}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a general function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of hormone secretion

Question 2

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 4

A neuron receives a stimulus that causes sodium channels to open. What is the next event in the generation of a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization of the membrane

Question 5

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the composition of white matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons

Question 7

A patient presents with loss of fine motor control and balance. Which region of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 8

Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Provides nutrients and removes waste from the brain

Question 10

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for detecting changes in blood pressure within arteries?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor

Question 11

Which structural classification describes a neuron with one axon and one dendrite?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 12

Which of the following is a major function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of nerve impulses to and from the brain

Question 13

Which equation describes the relationship between membrane potential ($$V_m$$), ion concentrations, and permeability according to the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{	ext{out}} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{	ext{out}} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{	ext{in}}}{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{	ext{in}} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{	ext{in}} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{	ext{out}}} ight)$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of the sympathetic division on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate

Question 15

Which anatomical region of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells

Question 17

Which part of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 18

A patient is unable to digest food properly due to decreased peristalsis. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely underactive?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the general structure of a nerve?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons surrounded by connective tissue

Study Guide: The Nervous System – Structure, Function, and Organization

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