Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Initiates the cough reflex

Question 2

During inhalation, the nasal conchae and mucosa primarily function to:

Accepted Answer

Filter, heat, and moisten air

Question 3

A patient presents with inflamed nasal mucosa that has spread to the paranasal sinuses, causing sinus blockage. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sinusitis

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for covering the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 5

The respiratory membrane, where gas exchange occurs, is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Alveolar and capillary walls with their fused basement membranes

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins

Question 7

A patient is unable to properly moisten, warm, or filter air before it reaches the lungs due to chronic mouth breathing. Which anatomical structure is most likely enlarged and causing this issue?

Accepted Answer

Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

It cleanses, warms, and humidifies air

Question 9

A person inhales a small object that becomes lodged at the carina. What is the most likely immediate physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of violent coughing

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the process of simple diffusion across the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ J = -D \frac{\Delta C}{\Delta x} $$

Question 11

A patient with pneumonia develops pleurisy. What is the most likely symptom they will experience due to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Stabbing pain with each breath

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the lungs are spongy and elastic?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mostly of alveoli and elastic connective tissue (stroma)

Question 13

A patient with left-sided heart failure develops pleural effusion. What type of fluid is most likely to accumulate in the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

Blood filtrate (watery fluid from lung capillaries)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Lighten the skull and help warm and moisten air

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the trachealis muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts during coughing to expel mucus

Question 16

A patient with laryngitis is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Swelling of the vocal folds interfering with vibrations

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Each segment is served by its own artery, vein, and bronchus and can be individually removed if diseased

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of airflow through the respiratory system, starting from the nose?

Accepted Answer

Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

Provides lubrication and surface tension that assists in expansion and recoil of lungs

Question 20

A patient is choking on a piece of food. Which emergency procedure uses air in the victim’s lungs to expel the obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Heimlich maneuver

Study Guide: The Respiratory System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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