$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of nervous tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate communication and coordination between different parts of the body

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for forming myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of multiple sclerosis, a disease characterized by demyelination in the CNS. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between neurons and neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

Neurons transmit electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support, protection, and metabolic assistance.

Question 5

Which of the following ions is most responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 6

During repolarization of a neuron, which ion moves out of the cell to restore the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$K^+)$$

Question 7

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 8

A neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters at its synapses. What determines whether the neuron will fire an action potential?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all postsynaptic potentials reaching the threshold at the axon hillock

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

If threshold is reached, an action potential is generated with a fixed amplitude; if not, no action potential occurs.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of heart rate and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 12

A patient is unable to feel sensations in their left arm after a spinal cord injury. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a typical synapse?

Accepted Answer

A junction between a presynaptic axon terminal and a postsynaptic cell, separated by a synaptic cleft

Question 14

Which process is disrupted if voltage-gated sodium channels are blocked by a neurotoxin?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization phase of the action potential

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier and providing metabolic support to neurons

Question 16

Which term describes a neuron that connects sensory and motor pathways within the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Interneuron

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier via saltatory conduction.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the adult central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 19

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of $$-70\ 	ext{mV}. If $$the membrane potential rises to $$-55\ 	ext{mV}$$, what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will fire an action potential due to reaching threshold.

Study Notes: The Nervous System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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