Q: A patient presents with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. What is this patient's mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$ MAP = \text{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{pulse pressure}) .$$

$$ MAP = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 93.3 \text{ mm Hg} $$

Q: A patient has a capillary hydrostatic pressure of 35 mm Hg at the arteriolar end and a colloid osmotic pressure of 22 mm Hg. What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at this end of the capillary?

$$ NFP = 35 - 22 = 13 \text{ mm Hg} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They form networks for the rapid exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. What is this patient's mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Use the formula $$ MAP = 	ext{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{pulse pressure}) .$$

Accepted Answer

$$ MAP = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 93.3 	ext{ mm Hg} $$

Question 3

Which of the following is a major difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have more extensive elastic laminae because they are under higher pressure.

Question 4

A patient with liver disease develops severe edema. Which of the following best explains the physiological basis for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased colloid osmotic pressure due to reduced plasma protein synthesis.

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques?

Accepted Answer

A region of a blood vessel where blood undergoes sudden changes in velocity and direction, such as at branching points.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on blood vessel diameter?

Accepted Answer

It causes vasoconstriction by contracting smooth muscle cells.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with hypotension. Which of the following blood pressure readings would support this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Systolic pressure of 90 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 55 mm Hg.

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms helps return venous blood to the heart, especially from the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle pumps compressing veins.

Question 9

A patient has a capillary hydrostatic pressure of 35 mm Hg at the arteriolar end and a colloid osmotic pressure of 22 mm Hg. What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at this end of the capillary?

Accepted Answer

$$ NFP = 35 - 22 = 13 	ext{ mm Hg} $$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why varicose veins are most commonly found in the superficial veins of the lower limb?

Accepted Answer

Superficial veins are not supported by skeletal muscle pumps, so blood pools and stretches the veins.

Question 11

A patient is given a drug that is almost completely destroyed by hepatic metabolism before reaching systemic circulation. Which of the following is the most appropriate route of administration to ensure the drug's effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection.

Question 12

Which of the following arteries is the first major branch off the aortic arch and what does it supply?

Accepted Answer

Brachiocephalic artery; supplies the right side of the head, neck, and right upper limb.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They monitor blood pressure and help regulate it via reflexes.

Question 14

A patient has a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 85 mm Hg. What is the pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$ 130 - 85 = 45 	ext{ mm Hg} $$

Question 15

Which of the following is a likely consequence of atherosclerotic plaque rupture in a coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a clot that may cause a myocardial infarction.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the movement of water at the venular end of a capillary, where hydrostatic pressure is 15 mm Hg and colloid osmotic pressure is 22 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

Water is absorbed into the capillary because colloid osmotic pressure is greater.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports absorbed nutrients and toxins from the digestive tract to the liver for processing.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why blood pressure is much lower in veins than in arteries?

Accepted Answer

Veins are more compliant and resistance declines as vessels merge and become larger.

Question 19

A patient is experiencing symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which of the following is NOT a typical risk factor for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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학습 가이드 - 플래시카드