Q: If a person’s end-diastolic volume (EDV) is 120 mL and end-systolic volume (ESV) is 50 mL, what is their stroke volume (SV)?

$$SV = 120 \text{ mL} - 50 \text{ mL} = 70 \text{ mL}$$

Question 1

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 2

What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs

Question 3

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 4

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 5

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that an increase in venous return will lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased stroke volume (SV)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions to pass from cell to cell, enabling coordinated contraction.

Question 7

A patient presents with a heart murmur due to a stenotic valve. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Restricted blood flow through the valve

Question 8

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 9

If a person’s end-diastolic volume (EDV) is 120 mL and end-systolic volume (ESV) is 50 mL, what is their stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 120 	ext{ mL} - 50 	ext{ mL} = 70 	ext{ mL}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and contractility

Question 11

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all heart valves closed and ventricular volume remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumic contraction

Question 12

Which part of the intrinsic cardiac conduction system is known as the heart’s pacemaker?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 13

A blockage in the anterior interventricular artery is often called a 'widowmaker' heart attack because:

Accepted Answer

It supplies blood to both ventricles, and blockage can be rapidly fatal

Question 14

Which of the following ECG components represents ventricular depolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Question 15

Which congenital heart defect results in mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood due to a persistent connection between the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Accepted Answer

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 16

A patient with persistent high blood pressure is at risk for which cardiac complication due to increased afterload?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy and weakening of the myocardium

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why tetanic contractions cannot occur in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells have a long absolute refractory period

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result from a defective SA node?

Accepted Answer

Junctional rhythm initiated by the AV node

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely consequence of left-sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary congestion and edema

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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