Q: Which equation best represents the percentage of cardiac output received by the brain if the heart pumps $$Q_{total} mL of $$blood per minute?

$$\frac{Q_{brain}}{Q_{total}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It selectively restricts passage of water-soluble substances and pathogens, while allowing lipid-soluble molecules to cross.

Question 2

A patient presents with progressive hypoglycemia. Which of the following symptoms would most likely occur first due to the brain's metabolic needs?

Accepted Answer

Confusion

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding gray and white matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains unmyelinated nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals.

Question 5

Which meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 6

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the pyramids of the medulla. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary movement via corticospinal tracts

Question 7

Which equation best represents the percentage of cardiac output received by the brain if the heart pumps $$Q_{total} mL of $$blood per minute?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{Q_{brain}}{Q_{total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble drugs can affect the central nervous system more readily than water-soluble drugs?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble drugs can diffuse across the blood-brain barrier.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the meninges from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root ganglia contain cell bodies of afferent neurons.

Question 11

A patient has damage to the reticular formation in the brain stem. Which symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired wakefulness and sleep regulation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical impulses between neurons

Question 13

Which of the following best describes neural plasticity?

Accepted Answer

The restructuring of brain networks in response to sensory input and experience

Question 14

If the brain consumes about half of the body's glucose, which equation best represents the brain's glucose consumption ($$G_{brain}) if $$total body glucose consumption is $$G_{total}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$G_{brain} = \frac{1}{2} G_{total}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of cranial nerves originating from the brain stem?

Accepted Answer

They can carry sensory fibers, efferent fibers, or both (mixed nerves).

Question 16

Which of the following structures is most directly involved in the reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Arachnoid villi

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why damage to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord would affect sensory processing?

Accepted Answer

The dorsal horn is where afferent neurons connect with interneurons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the medulla oblongata?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of involuntary functions such as blood pressure and breathing

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the subarachnoid space?

Accepted Answer

It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain.

Ch 9a The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function

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