Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon and are generally larger and more complex than inorganic compounds.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.0. What physiological consequence is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Coma due to acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following chemical reactions is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction: breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

Question 4

Which property of water is most important for maintaining body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 5

A buffer system in the blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Removing or adding hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}) as $$needed

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered a high-energy compound?

Accepted Answer

Energy is released when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 5. Compared to a solution with pH 7, how much greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$ times greater

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions

Question 10

Which of the following statements about lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are insoluble in water and serve as energy reserves.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of electrolytes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes conduct electrical current in solution and are essential for proper cell function.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its building block?

Accepted Answer

Proteins: amino acids

Question 13

A patient is given an antacid to treat heartburn. What is the primary mechanism by which antacids work?

Accepted Answer

Antacids bind to excess hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}) to $$raise pH.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It refers to the alpha helix or beta sheet formed by hydrogen bonding.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A change of one pH unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing a source of energy

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why changes in temperature can cause loss of protein function?

Accepted Answer

Temperature changes can alter the three-dimensional shape of proteins, leading to denaturation.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the role of enzymes in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts, speeding up reactions without being permanently changed.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store and process genetic information inside cells.

Question 20

A molecule of sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl}) $$dissociates completely in water. What type of compound is this and what ions are produced?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic compound; sodium ions ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$and chloride ions ($$\mathrm{Cl^-})$$

The Chemical Level of Organization: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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