Q: A dehydration reaction is used to join two monomers together. What is the chemical equation for the dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow \text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Q: Which equation represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide such as sucrose?

$$\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6$$

Question 1

Which functional group is present in both alcohols and carbohydrates, and is responsible for making these compounds hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is used to join two monomers together. What is the chemical equation for the dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 ightarrow 	ext{C}_{12}	ext{H}_{22}	ext{O}_{11} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 3

Which functional group is found in amino acids and is essential for peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 4

What distinguishes testosterone from estradiol at the molecular level, and how does this affect their biological function?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone and estradiol differ only in their functional groups, which alter their interaction with cellular receptors and result in different physiological effects.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides and can serve as storage or structural molecules.

Question 6

Which biological molecule is most likely to be found in the cell membrane and contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 7

A patient presents with atherosclerosis. Which type of fat is most likely contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of a mutation that causes a base deletion in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It alters the reading frame of the mRNA, leading to significant changes in the amino acid sequence downstream.

Question 12

Which equation represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide such as sucrose?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_{12}	ext{H}_{22}	ext{O}_{11} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a universal monomer used to build polymers in cells?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 14

Which molecule is a polymer of glucose that forms plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 15

What is the role of enzymes in dehydration and hydrolysis reactions?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze the chemical reactions, speeding up the process.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of DNA bases?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant cells?

Accepted Answer

They are clonal and can metastasize to other organs.

Question 18

Which gene type acts to prevent cancer by aiding in DNA repair and inactivating carcinogens?

Accepted Answer

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mutation leading to disease?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in hemoglobin DNA causing sickle-cell disease

The Chemical Level of Organization: Molecules of Cells

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