Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, while a compound is two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of proteins into amino acids during digestion.

Question 3

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na+. What type of particle is Na+?

Accepted Answer

A cation

Question 4

Which property of water is most important for maintaining a stable body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why NaCl (sodium chloride) is considered a compound but O$$_2 is $$not?

Accepted Answer

NaCl is made of two different elements chemically bonded, while O$$_2 is $$made of the same element.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of H$$^+$$ ions than a solution with pH 7.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt and large swings in the pH of body fluids.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the atomic structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons have a positive charge and a mass of 1 amu.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to surround and separate ions.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 12

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium (Ca)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, increasing the rate of reactions without being consumed.

Question 14

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following ions is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K$$^+)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, important for the three-dimensional shape of molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of muscle movement, while potential energy is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids release H$$^+$$ ions and are proton donors.

Question 19

A redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrons from one reactant to another

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are never 100% efficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during conversion.

The Chemistry of Life: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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