Question 1

Which of the following best describes why the endocrine system is considered a 'system' despite its glands having different functions?

Accepted Answer

All endocrine glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT typically considered an endocrine gland, but does secrete hormones into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Question 3

What is the primary difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood; exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts.

Question 4

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of hormone receptors on target cells. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hormones will circulate but have no effect on target tissues.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about hormone specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hormones only affect tissues that have specific receptors for them.

Question 6

Estrogen is released into the bloodstream and travels throughout the body. Why does it only affect certain tissues such as the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Only the uterus has receptors for estrogen.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the number of hormone receptors on a tissue affects its sensitivity to that hormone?

Accepted Answer

More receptors allow more hormone molecules to bind, increasing the tissue's response.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct definition of a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A hormone is a biologically active chemical secreted by endocrine glands into the blood.

Question 9

A researcher discovers a new hormone that is based on amino acids. Which of the following is most likely true about this hormone?

Accepted Answer

It will bind to receptors on the surface of target cells.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of hormone-receptor specificity?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone circulates in the blood but only affects tissues with testosterone receptors.

Question 11

A patient has a disorder where their kidney cells do not respond to a certain hormone, even though the hormone is present in normal amounts in the blood. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The kidney cells lack the specific receptors for that hormone.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of epithelial cells in endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a real-life consequence of a tissue having an increased number of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

A person with more insulin receptors in muscle cells will have increased glucose uptake.

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hormone concentration ($$[H]$$), receptor number ($$R$$), and tissue response ($$TR$$), assuming a direct proportionality?

Accepted Answer

$$TR = [H] 	imes R$$

Question 15

A patient is given a drug that blocks all estrogen receptors in the body. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen will have no effect on any tissues.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the pinky finger is not affected by estrogen, even though estrogen circulates throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

The pinky finger lacks estrogen receptors.

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormone Action

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