$$N_{final} = N_{initial} \times 2$$^{n}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier in the immune system's first line of defense?

Accepted Answer

Lysozyme

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bridging innate and adaptive immune responses through antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 3

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in serum and is capable of crossing the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

A patient receives antibodies against rabies virus after exposure. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Artificial passive immunity

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of opsonins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They coat pathogens to enhance phagocytosis.

Question 6

Which leukocyte is most associated with allergic responses and targeting gut parasites?

Accepted Answer

IgE-producing B cell

Question 7

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells in cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Destroy cells displaying foreign antigen with MHC-I

Question 8

Which of the following molecules is a chemotaxin that attracts immune cells to sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines

Question 9

During a secondary immune response, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells rapidly produce antibodies.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It forms the membrane attack complex to lyse pathogens.

Question 11

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Natural passive immunity

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is rapid and non-specific.

Question 13

Which process allows immune cells to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues at sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Extravasation

Question 14

Which antibody class is primarily associated with primary immune responses and reacts strongly with complement?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

Accepted Answer

Suppress immune cell function to prevent excessive responses

Question 16

Which equation best represents the process of clonal expansion in response to antigen exposure?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{final} = N_{initial} 	imes 2$$^{n}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about antigen presentation by MHC-II molecules?

Accepted Answer

It activates helper T cells.

Question 18

Which immune cell type is most likely to respond to a host cell lacking MHC-I molecules due to viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cell

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of antibodies as opsonins?

Accepted Answer

They enhance phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between active and passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity requires exposure to antigen and leads to antibody production.

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Responses

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