Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between fever and metabolic rate in the body?

As body temperature increases, metabolic rate increases: $$\text{Metabolic Rate} \propto \text{Body Temperature}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of plasma cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They release antibodies to target specific antigens.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a virus for the first time. Which immune response is most likely to occur, and why does it take longer to develop?

Accepted Answer

Primary response; because appropriate B cells must be activated and differentiate.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about Natural Killer (NK) cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

NK cells respond more rapidly than T cells and B cells.

Question 4

A child receives a vaccine for measles. Which type of immunity is being developed, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity; the body is stimulated to produce its own antibodies under controlled conditions.

Question 5

Which of the following is a property of adaptive immunity that allows the immune system to launch a faster, stronger, and longer-lasting response upon re-exposure to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

Memory

Question 6

A patient with celiac disease experiences symptoms after eating foods containing gluten. Which best describes the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks the intestinal lining in response to gluten, an autoimmune reaction.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the classical pathway of complement activation?

Accepted Answer

It is the most common and most rapidly effective pathway, triggered by antibody-antigen complexes.

Question 8

During inflammation, mast cells release histamine. What is the primary effect of histamine in this context?

Accepted Answer

It makes capillaries more permeable and increases blood flow to the area.

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in the blood and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

A patient develops anaphylaxis after exposure to peanuts. Which of the following best explains the physiological changes during anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral vasodilation occurs, leading to a drop in blood pressure and possible circulatory collapse.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

All body cells except red blood cells present endogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules, activating cytotoxic T cells.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between fever and metabolic rate in the body?

Accepted Answer

As body temperature increases, metabolic rate increases: $$	ext{Metabolic Rate} \propto 	ext{Body Temperature}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity targets intracellular pathogens, while antibody-mediated immunity targets extracellular pathogens.

Question 14

A patient with HIV is experiencing frequent infections. Which best explains the immunodeficiency observed?

Accepted Answer

HIV infection depresses immune function by destroying helper T cells.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of opsonins produced in response to interleukin 6?

Accepted Answer

Opsonins attach to pathogens, enhancing recognition and phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the process of lymphocytopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

It produces immature B cells and NK cells in the red bone marrow.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following symptoms is LEAST likely to be associated with SLE?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance to infection due to enhanced immune function

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis by macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis begins with adhesion, followed by digestion of contents after fusion with lysosomes or peroxisomes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They moderate immune responses by secreting inhibitory cytokines called suppression factors.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why B cells require 'costimulation' from helper T cells before full activation?

Accepted Answer

Costimulation prevents B cells from mistakenly attacking normal tissues and confirms the activation signal.

The Immune System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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