Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of melanin in the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

To protect underlying tissues from ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish coloration of the lips and beneath the nails. Which physiological process is most likely responsible for this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Sustained reduction of blood flow resulting in decreased oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the formation of fingerprints and why are these patterns unique?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; due to the formation of epidermal ridges adjacent to dermal papillae

Question 4

A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis and extends into the subcutaneous layer. Which of the following is a likely consequence of this injury?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensation due to nerve damage

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are at increased risk for bone fractures related to the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of cholecalciferol (vitamin D$$_3) in $$the skin leads to impaired calcium absorption

Question 6

A surgeon is planning an incision and wants to minimize scarring. According to the arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis, which direction should the incision be made?

Accepted Answer

Parallel to cleavage (tension) lines

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process by which the skin synthesizes vitamin D$$_3$$?

Accepted Answer

Epidermal cells in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum convert a steroid to cholecalciferol (vitamin D$$_3) $$when exposed to UV radiation

Question 8

A patient with a genetic disorder has a normal number of melanocytes but very pale skin. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The patient produces less melanin due to a defect in melanin synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 10

A patient presents with a wound that is red, swollen, hot, and painful. Which phase of skin repair is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation phase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between apocrine and merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands produce a sticky, odorous secretion and are influenced by hormones, while merocrine glands produce a watery secretion important for thermoregulation

Question 12

A child with a diet deficient in vitamin D$$_3$$ and limited sun exposure is at risk for which condition, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; due to insufficient calcium and phosphate absorption for bone mineralization

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer

Question 14

A patient has a wound that has formed a scab, and new epidermal cells are migrating along the wound edges. Which phase of skin repair is this?

Accepted Answer

Migration phase

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are less painful than second-degree burns?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burns destroy sensory nerve endings in the affected area

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to pull the hair erect, causing 'goosebumps'

Question 17

A patient with a large burn is at risk for which of the following complications due to loss of skin integrity? Select the best answer.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of tactile (Meissner) corpuscles in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Detect light touch, pressure, and vibration

Question 19

A patient with basal cell carcinoma is most likely to have a tumor originating in which layer of the skin, and what is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; due to mutations caused by overexposure to UV radiation

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the 'rule of nines' for estimating the percentage of body surface area affected by burns in an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\,BSA = 9\% 	imes (Head) + 9\% 	imes (Each\,Upper\,Limb) + 18\% 	imes (Each\,Lower\,Limb) + 36\% 	imes (Trunk) + 1\% 	imes (Genitalia)$$

The Integumentary System: Structure and Components

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