Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for shock absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects only the epidermis, resulting in localized redness, edema, and pain. What type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects DNA from UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

A surgeon plans an incision on the skin. Why is it important to consider cleavage (tension) lines in the reticular dermis?

Accepted Answer

Incisions parallel to cleavage lines heal more readily

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Activate the immune system by ingesting foreign substances

Question 6

A patient with liver disease presents with yellowing of the skin. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Question 7

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 8

Which pigment is most responsible for the pinkish hue of fair skin?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 9

A patient is exposed to organic solvents without protection. Which organ system is most at risk for immediate damage?

Accepted Answer

Renal (kidneys)

Question 10

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous and plays a key role in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 11

A patient presents with a scaly, reddened papule on the scalp that is diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the acid mantle of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Retards bacterial multiplication due to low pH

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are often painless?

Accepted Answer

Nerve endings are destroyed in the affected area

Question 14

Which structure in the dermis is responsible for detecting deep pressure?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

Question 15

A patient with polycystic ovary syndrome develops coarse, dark hair on the face and chest. What is the term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism

Question 16

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

Question 17

Which formula is used to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns?

Accepted Answer

Rule of Nines: Each of 11 sections represents 9% of body surface

Question 18

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of a single row of stem cells and is responsible for generating new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 19

Which of the following substances can penetrate the skin's physical barrier most easily?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble substances

Question 20

A patient presents with horizontal lines across their nails after chemotherapy. What is the name of these lines?

Accepted Answer

Beau's lines

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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