Q: Which equation best represents the calculation for total body surface area (TBSA) burned using the rule of nines?

$$TBSA = (\text{number of sections affected}) \times 9\%$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for shock absorption and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the entire thickness of the skin, resulting in a gray-white appearance and no pain in the affected area. What type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the skin. Why is it important to consider cleavage (tension) lines in the reticular dermis?

Accepted Answer

Incisions parallel to cleavage lines heal more readily

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a water-resistant glycolipid to slow water loss

Question 6

A patient with liver disease presents with yellowing of the skin. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Question 7

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing earwax?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous gland

Question 8

What is the primary function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through sweat production

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 10

A patient is exposed to organic solvents without protection. Which organ system is most at risk for immediate damage due to absorption through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Renal (kidneys)

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the skin’s acid mantle?

Accepted Answer

Retards bacterial multiplication

Question 12

A patient presents with a scaly, reddened papule on the scalp that is diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Which epidermal layer is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum

Question 13

Which pigment is most responsible for the pinkish hue of fair skin?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 14

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes presents with horizontal lines across their nails. What is the name of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Beau's lines

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Activate the immune system by presenting antigens

Question 16

A patient is experiencing excessive hair thinning after severe emotional stress. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Telogen effluvium

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of the rule of nines in burn assessment?

Accepted Answer

The anterior trunk represents 18% of body surface area

Question 18

Which equation best represents the calculation for total body surface area (TBSA) burned using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$$TBSA = (	ext{number of sections affected}) 	imes 9\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 20

A patient presents with brown or black patches of thickened skin folds. Which underlying condition should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine disease

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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