Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous regeneration of skin cells and contains stem cells that actively divide?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects only the epidermis. What type of burn is this, and what is the primary threat to life in more severe burns?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn; dehydration

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis produces the pigment responsible for skin color and protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

The papillary layer of the dermis is primarily composed of which type of connective tissue, and what is one of its main functions?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue; enhances gripping ability

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles, and consists of a few rows of clear, flat, dead cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis is the origin of this cancer, and what is a key characteristic of its progression?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum; rapid growth and can metastasize

Question 7

Which gland releases its secretion onto hair follicles and is responsible for lubricating and moisturizing hair and skin?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 8

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange coloration in the skin and accumulates in the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 9

If a patient has jaundice, which pigment is elevated, and what does this indicate about their health?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; liver disorder

Question 10

Which layer of the dermis provides most of its thickness and strength, and contains collagen fibers running parallel to the skin surface?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer

Question 11

Which function of the integumentary system is directly related to the synthesis of vitamin D, and what is required for this process?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic; exposure to sunlight

Question 12

A patient presents with a third-degree burn. Which layers of the skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Entire thickness of skin

Question 13

Which cells in the epidermis act as macrophages and are part of the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Question 14

Which layer of the epidermis is most superficial and consists of 20–30 rows of dead, keratinized cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 15

Which type of sweat gland is most abundant in thick skin and is responsible for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. Which cell type is involved, and what is a key characteristic of this cancer?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes; highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy

Question 17

Which structure in the skin is responsible for the sensation of light touch?

Accepted Answer

Merkel cells

Question 18

If the skin acts as a blood reservoir, what percentage of the body's blood supply can it hold?

Accepted Answer

$$5\%$$

Question 19

Which layer of the epidermis contains keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis and accumulating keratohyaline granules?

Accepted Answer

Stratum granulosum

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis. Which layer would be most affected, and what would be the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum; reduced cell-to-cell adhesion and increased blistering

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function of the Skin

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