Q: Which of the following equations best represents the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin upon exposure to UV light?

$$ 7\text{-dehydrocholesterol} + UVB \rightarrow \text{cholecalciferol (vitamin D}_3\text{)} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cutaneous membrane (skin)?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the entire epidermis and damaged the dermis. Which of the following layers is most likely exposed?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous layer

Question 3

Which sequence correctly represents the order of the epidermal layers from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 4

Keratin is primarily responsible for which of the following properties of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Water resistance

Question 5

A deficiency in which vitamin would most directly impair the skin’s ability to facilitate calcium absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of melanocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin to protect against UV radiation.

Question 7

A person with a genetic defect causing a lack of melanin production would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 8

Which layer of the skin contains most of the blood vessels and nerves supplying the skin?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 9

During the epidermal life cycle, cells produced in the stratum basale migrate toward the surface. Which process do these cells undergo as they move upward?

Accepted Answer

They accumulate keratin and eventually die

Question 10

A patient with poor dermal circulation is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Delayed wound healing

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the subcutaneous layer is important for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

It stores adipose tissue that insulates against heat loss.

Question 12

If a person is exposed to sunlight, which sequence of events best describes the process leading to increased calcium absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

UV light triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, which is converted to its active form in the kidneys, enhancing calcium absorption.

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct consequence of damage to the stratum basale?

Accepted Answer

Impaired regeneration of the epidermis

Question 14

A patient with jaundice has yellowish skin. Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the visible color change?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin upon exposure to UV light?

Accepted Answer

$$ 7	ext{-dehydrocholesterol} + UVB ightarrow 	ext{cholecalciferol (vitamin D}_3	ext{)} $$

Question 16

A person with a mutation that prevents keratinization would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dehydration due to loss of water resistance

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between dermal blood vessels and skin temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin, promoting heat loss.

Question 18

Which of the following is the main reason why the epidermis is avascular?

Accepted Answer

To allow for rapid cell turnover without interference from blood vessels

Question 19

A patient with a wound that does not bleed has most likely damaged which layer of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why individuals with darker skin have a lower risk of developing skin cancer from UV exposure?

Accepted Answer

They have more melanin, which absorbs and dissipates UV radiation.

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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