Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for estimating the surface area affected by burns using the Rule of Nines?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = \text{Sum of percentages for each body region affected}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is NOT considered part of the integumentary system, but is important for protection, energy storage, and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and only affects the epidermis. What type of burn is this, and what is the recommended initial treatment?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn; immerse in cool water

Question 3

Which cell type in the stratum basale is responsible for producing the pigment that protects against ultraviolet radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles, and contains the translucent protein eleidin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 5

A surgeon is planning an incision. To minimize scarring and promote faster healing, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to lines of cleavage

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation via secretion of watery sweat

Question 7

A patient with albinism has very light skin and hair. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes are unable to produce melanin

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes fill with keratin, lose their nucleus and organelles, and die

Question 9

A patient presents with a scaly, reddened papule on the scalp that is diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Which layer of the epidermis is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Stratum spinosum

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of vitamin D synthesis in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is a precursor to calcitriol, which increases calcium and phosphate absorption

Question 11

Which of the following skin cancers is the most dangerous due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 12

A patient is experiencing 'goosebumps' due to cold. Which structure is responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Arrector pili muscle

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct formula for estimating the surface area affected by burns using the Rule of Nines?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = 	ext{Sum of percentages for each body region affected}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Initiate immune response against pathogens

Question 15

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow-orange coloration of the skin and is acquired from certain vegetables?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 16

A patient with decreased sebaceous gland activity and reduced subcutaneous fat is likely to experience which age-related skin change?

Accepted Answer

Thinner, drier, and itchier skin with more wrinkles

Question 17

Which type of hair is most likely to be found on the scalp and is characterized as coarse, pigmented, and long?

Accepted Answer

Terminal hair

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Lubricates skin and hair and has bactericidal properties

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of the stratum corneum?

Accepted Answer

Consists of 20-30 layers of dead, interlocking, keratinized cells

Question 20

A patient is prescribed a transdermal patch for medication delivery. Which property of the skin allows for this method of administration?

Accepted Answer

The skin is selectively permeable, allowing absorption of some drugs

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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