Q: A patient with third-degree burns over 12% of their body is considered to have critical burns. According to the Rule of Nines, which equation best estimates the percentage of body surface area affected?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = \frac{\text{Area of Burned Regions}}{\text{Total Body Surface Area}} \times 100\%$$

Q: A patient with male pattern baldness is found to have a genetic predisposition and increased sensitivity to DHT. Which equation best describes the relationship between hair follicle response and DHT concentration?

$$\text{Hair Follicle Response} \propto \text{[DHT]}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for producing the fibrous protein keratin, and what is the main function of this protein?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; keratin provides waterproofing and protection against abrasion.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, painful, and has blisters. Which degree of burn does this most likely represent, and which layers of the skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn; affects the epidermis and upper region of the dermis.

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for activating the immune system, and in which layer are these cells most abundant?

Accepted Answer

Langerhans’ cells; stratum spinosum.

Question 4

A biopsy reveals a skin tumor arising from the stratum basale that is slow-growing and rarely metastasizes. What type of skin cancer is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 5

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow to orange coloration of the skin, especially visible in the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. According to the ABCD rule, which characteristic is LEAST likely to be associated with melanoma?

Accepted Answer

Symmetrical shape

Question 7

Which layer of the dermis contains peglike projections called dermal papillae, and what is their function?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer; increase surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.

Question 8

Which type of sweat gland is most abundant in the palms, soles, and forehead, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland; thermoregulation through evaporative cooling.

Question 9

A patient has a skin lesion with irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter of 8 mm. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 10

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles, and consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 11

Which structure in the skin acts as a sensitive touch receptor and is associated with sensory nerve endings at the base of hair follicles?

Accepted Answer

Root hair plexus

Question 12

A patient with third-degree burns over 12% of their body is considered to have critical burns. According to the Rule of Nines, which equation best estimates the percentage of body surface area affected?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = \frac{	ext{Area of Burned Regions}}{	ext{Total Body Surface Area}} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 13

Which layer of the skin is primarily composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis; insulation and energy storage.

Question 14

Which type of hair is pale, fine, and found in children and adult females, and how does it differ from terminal hair?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair; it is softer and less pigmented than terminal hair.

Question 15

Which gland is responsible for secreting an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair, and what is this secretion called?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland; sebum.

Question 16

Which function of the integumentary system is directly related to the synthesis of vitamin D, and which layer is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic function; epidermis.

Question 17

A patient with male pattern baldness is found to have a genetic predisposition and increased sensitivity to DHT. Which equation best describes the relationship between hair follicle response and DHT concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hair Follicle Response} \propto 	ext{[DHT]}$$

Question 18

Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by rapid cell division and is also known as the stratum germinativum?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of hair on the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of vitamin D

Question 20

Which developmental aspect of the integument is associated with the production of a protective substance by sebaceous glands in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Vernix caseosa

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function

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