Q: Which formula is used to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns?

The Rule of Nines: $$ \text{Total Burn Area} = 9\% \times \text{Number of Sections} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle in the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to cause hair to stand upright, resulting in 'goose bumps'.

Question 2

A patient presents with a rapidly growing, irregularly pigmented skin lesion larger than 6 mm. Which diagnostic rule should be applied to assess for melanoma?

Accepted Answer

ABCD rule

Question 3

Which layer of the hair shaft is composed of overlapping layers of single cells and provides strength and protection?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Question 4

Which of the following is a chemical barrier provided by the skin?

Accepted Answer

Low pH and antimicrobial proteins such as defensins

Question 5

A burn patient has third-degree burns covering both hands and feet. According to clinical guidelines, why is this considered critical?

Accepted Answer

Because burns on hands and feet can severely impact function and are at high risk for complications.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to synthesize vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

UV radiation triggers a chemical reaction in the epidermis, converting 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3.

Question 7

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands compared to apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are involved in thermoregulation and are widely distributed, while apocrine glands are localized and become active at puberty.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of melanocytes in hair follicles?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin, which determines hair color.

Question 9

A patient is experiencing hair thinning after severe emotional trauma and crash dieting. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Telogen effluvium (TE)

Question 10

Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in eccrine sweat?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Question 11

A patient presents with a skin lesion that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter greater than 6 mm. Which type of skin cancer is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 12

Which formula is used to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns?

Accepted Answer

The Rule of Nines: $$ 	ext{Total Burn Area} = 9\% 	imes 	ext{Number of Sections} $$

Question 13

Which of the following is a biological barrier provided by the skin?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytic cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

It is the thickened portion of the nail bed responsible for nail growth.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are often painless?

Accepted Answer

Nerve endings are destroyed in the affected area.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a bactericidal agent and lubricates the skin and hair.

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why elderly individuals are more prone to skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Decreased numbers of melanocytes and dendritic cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the physical barrier function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized cells and glycolipids block most water and water-soluble substances.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of mineral-deficient diets on the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Hair thinning and/or texture change.

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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