Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the epidermis and the dermis in terms of tissue type and blood supply?

Accepted Answer

The epidermis is avascular stratified squamous epithelium, while the dermis is vascular connective tissue.

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and sclera. Which pigment is most likely responsible, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; impaired liver function leading to jaundice.

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for ongoing cell division, and what would be the consequence if these cells stopped dividing?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; the epidermis would thin and eventually fail to replace lost cells.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why a third-degree burn may be less painful than a second-degree burn?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burns destroy nerve endings in the dermis, reducing pain sensation.

Question 5

A surgeon plans to make an incision parallel to the skin's cleavage lines. What is the primary benefit of this approach?

Accepted Answer

It minimizes scarring by reducing tension on collagen fibers.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the skin structure with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocyte: produces waterproofing protein keratin.

Question 7

A patient with anemia presents with pale skin. Which physiological change best explains this appearance?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in the blood.

Question 8

Which of the following glands is most responsible for thermoregulation through evaporative cooling, and what is the main component of its secretion?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland; water and salts.

Question 9

A person develops a blister after friction from a new pair of shoes. Which best describes what has occurred at the tissue level?

Accepted Answer

Separation of the epidermis from the dermis with fluid accumulation.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why impaired kidney function can affect vitamin D metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys convert calcidiol to calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D.

Question 11

A patient presents with a rapidly growing, irregularly pigmented skin lesion. Which type of skin cancer is most likely, and what is the main cell type involved?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma; melanocyte.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between vellus and terminal hair?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair is fine and unpigmented, while terminal hair is coarse and pigmented.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in telogen effluvium?

Accepted Answer

Sudden, diffuse hair shedding following severe emotional stress or surgery.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Providing a waterproof barrier in the stratum corneum.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes migrate from the stratum basale to the surface, accumulating keratin and losing their nuclei and organelles.

Question 16

A person with a large third-degree burn over 20% of their body is at greatest immediate risk for which complication?

Accepted Answer

Fluid and electrolyte loss leading to shock.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why color alone is not sufficient to diagnose the cause of a skin color change?

Accepted Answer

Different pigments and blood flow changes can produce similar colors, so additional history and examination are needed.

Question 18

Which of the following correctly matches a sensory receptor with its stimulus and location?

Accepted Answer

Merkel cell: detects light touch in the epidermal-dermal junction.

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines for an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\,BSA\,affected = (	ext{Head and neck} = 9\%) + (	ext{Each arm} = 9\%) + (	ext{Each leg} = 18\%) + (	ext{Anterior trunk} = 18\%) + (	ext{Posterior trunk} = 18\%) + (	ext{Perineum} = 1\%)$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It is not technically part of the skin, but it anchors skin to underlying tissues and stores fat.

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Applications

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