Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They produce keratin, providing the skin with its protective properties.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and has blisters. Which layers of the skin are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and upper dermis

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the generation of new skin cells through mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A surgeon makes an incision parallel to cleavage (tension) lines in the skin. What is the expected benefit of this approach?

Accepted Answer

Faster healing and less scarring

Question 5

Which pigment is produced only in the skin and is responsible for shielding DNA from UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 6

A person with Addison’s disease may develop a bronze skin color. This is due to:

Accepted Answer

Inadequate steroid hormone production

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 8

A patient has a scaly, reddened papule on the scalp that is diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Which cells are primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are not initially painful?

Accepted Answer

The burn destroys nerve endings in the affected area.

Question 10

Which gland is responsible for producing an oily secretion that softens hair and skin and has bactericidal properties?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 11

A marathon runner is sweating profusely to cool down. Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for this thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

They activate the immune system by presenting antigens.

Question 13

A patient presents with blue-tinged skin (cyanosis). What is the most likely physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 14

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the dermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes

Question 15

A patient has a localized collection of blood outside blood vessels within the skin. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the stratum corneum is an effective barrier?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of flat, dead, keratinized cells surrounded by glycolipids.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily composed of adipose tissue and anchors the skin to underlying muscles.

Question 18

A person with a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of desmosomes in the epidermis would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cell-to-cell adhesion, leading to fragile skin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between vellus and terminal hair?

Accepted Answer

Vellus hair is fine and pale, while terminal hair is coarse and long.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with melanoma. According to the ABCD rule, which of the following is NOT a typical sign of melanoma?

Accepted Answer

Uniform color throughout the lesion

The Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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