Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, and smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a lack of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. Which step in the muscle contraction process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The transmission of the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft.

Question 3

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds a single skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

During a muscle contraction, which event occurs according to the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

Myosin heads bind to actin, pivot, and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why muscle fatigue occurs during prolonged strenuous activity?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen deficit and lactic acid accumulation disrupt normal muscle function.

Question 6

A muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and the contractions are smooth and sustained. What is this state called?

Accepted Answer

Fused (complete) tetanus

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate (CP) in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CP} + \mathrm{ADP} \rightarrow \mathrm{Creatine} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function unique to skeletal muscle compared to cardiac and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining posture and stabilizing joints

Question 9

A person is holding a heavy box without moving it. Which type of muscle contraction is primarily occurring in their arm muscles?

Accepted Answer

Isometric contraction

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for contraction.

Question 11

During aerobic respiration in muscle cells, which of the following is the correct overall chemical equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 32\ \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 12

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original length after being stretched?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Question 13

A patient with a genetic defect in the protein actin would most likely have problems with which aspect of muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Formation of cross bridges during contraction

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why aerobic (endurance) exercise increases muscle resistance to fatigue?

Accepted Answer

It enhances the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscle cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the 'all-or-none' law of muscle fiber contraction?

Accepted Answer

A muscle fiber contracts to its fullest extent when stimulated adequately.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process that ends a muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the generation of an action potential in a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma $$\rightarrow$$ sodium channels open $$\rightarrow$$ depolarization occurs

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle but NOT of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Spindle-shaped, uninucleate cells

Question 19

A marathon runner relies on which primary metabolic pathway for ATP production during the race?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why resistance (isometric) exercise increases muscle size?

Accepted Answer

It causes individual muscle fibers to enlarge (hypertrophy).

The Muscular System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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