Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated, cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, and smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue after prolonged exercise. Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Increase in ATP supply

Question 3

During the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, which event directly allows myosin heads to bind to actin?

Accepted Answer

Binding of calcium ions to regulatory proteins on thin filaments

Question 4

Which connective tissue layer wraps around a fascicle (bundle) of skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Perimysium

Question 5

A muscle cell returns to its resting state after contraction by:

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving sodium ions out and potassium ions in

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why skeletal muscle is considered voluntary?

Accepted Answer

It is the only muscle tissue subject to conscious control.

Question 7

If a muscle is stimulated so rapidly that no evidence of relaxation is seen and contractions are smooth and sustained, this state is called:

Accepted Answer

Fused (complete) tetanus

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events at the neuromuscular junction leading to muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Nerve impulse arrives, calcium channels open, ACh is released, ACh binds to sarcolemma receptors.

Question 9

Which pathway provides the fastest way to regenerate ATP during short, intense muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate

Question 10

A muscle fiber contracts to its fullest extent when stimulated adequately. This principle is known as:

Accepted Answer

All-or-none response

Question 11

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CP} + \mathrm{ADP} \rightarrow \mathrm{C} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 12

Which muscle type is characterized by branching cells joined by intercalated discs and contracts at a steady rate set by a pacemaker?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 13

A marathon runner relies primarily on which pathway for ATP production during prolonged, moderate exercise?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Tension increases but muscle does not shorten

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 16

Which of the following statements about muscle tone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tone is a state of continuous partial contractions.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down acetylcholine, ending muscle contraction.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

The H zone is a lighter central area within the A band that lacks actin filaments.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of an isotonic muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Bending your knee while walking

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of aerobic (endurance) exercise on muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue.

The Muscular System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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