Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons, increasing the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease that damages the myelin sheath in the CNS. Which neuroglial cell is primarily affected in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the structural classification of neurons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neurons have an axon that originates from a dendrite and bypasses the cell body.

Question 4

During the depolarization phase of an action potential, which ion moves and in which direction across the neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+) $$moves into the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why action potentials only travel in one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The refractory period prevents the action potential from moving backward.

Question 6

A nerve impulse travels much faster in myelinated axons than in unmyelinated axons. What is the name of this type of conduction and what is the main reason for its increased speed?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction; because the impulse jumps from node to node.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglial (glial) cells?

Accepted Answer

Generating and transmitting nerve impulses

Question 8

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of components in a typical somatic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction in the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 10

A patient is experiencing rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, and increased blood flow to skeletal muscles after a car accident. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS, while a nerve is a bundle of axons in the PNS.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential ($$RMP) of a $$neuron is correct?

Accepted Answer

The $$RMP is $$maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, which moves $$3 Na^+$$ out and $$2 K^+ in.$$

Question 13

A graded (local) potential that makes the membrane potential more negative is called:

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential of fixed size is generated.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are removed by reuptake, enzymatic breakdown, or diffusion away from the cleft.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the organization of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

It uses two neurons in series: a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron.

Question 17

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which type of reflex is this, and what is the effector?

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflex; skeletal muscle

Question 18

Which connective tissue layer wraps around an entire nerve?

Accepted Answer

Epineurium

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a neuroglial cell and its function?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte – produces myelin in the CNS

Question 20

A patient has damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery to the CNS

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Organization

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