Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of control and communication?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system uses nerves and neurotransmitters for rapid communication, while the endocrine system uses hormones in the blood for slower, longer-lasting effects.

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the oligodendrocytes in their central nervous system. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Impaired myelination of axons in the CNS, leading to slower nerve impulse conduction.

Question 3

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

During an action potential, what is the primary event that occurs when the threshold potential is reached at the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into the cell.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the action of the Na+/K+ pump during the restoration of membrane polarity after an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3Na^+_{in} + 2K^+_{out} \rightarrow 3Na^+_{out} + 2K^+_{in}$$

Question 6

A person is exposed to a neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. What immediate effect would this have on neuronal signaling?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials would be unable to initiate, preventing nerve impulse transmission.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump from one Node of Ranvier to another, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood regulation and coordination of movement?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 9

A patient presents with symptoms of sleep disturbances and emotional instability. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization (Na+ in), Repolarization (K+ out), Restoration (Na+/K+ pump)

Question 11

Which type of neuron is most commonly found as a sensory neuron in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 12

A patient has a genetic mutation that impairs Schwann cell function. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Slowed conduction of action potentials in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosing debris and damaged neurons.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosing debris.

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in promoting sleep by slowing down neural activity?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine

Question 16

A patient is unable to produce cerebrospinal fluid due to a genetic defect. Which glial cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receive sensory information and signals from other neurons.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of integration in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The brain processes and interprets sensory input from the eyes to recognize a familiar face.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the afferent and efferent pathways in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent pathways carry sensory input to the CNS; efferent pathways carry motor output from the CNS to effectors.

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components

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