Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To act as the master control and communication system using electrical impulses

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the left frontal lobe of the cerebrum. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Speech production and voluntary movement

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the nervous system division with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division: prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS

Question 5

A nerve impulse is initiated when a stimulus causes a rapid change in membrane potential. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization

Question 6

Which equation best represents Ohm's Law as it applies to the movement of ions across a neuron's membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$I = V \div R$$

Question 7

A patient presents with hydrocephalus. Which of the following best explains the underlying problem?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage leading to increased intracranial pressure

Question 8

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for vision, and how would you test its function clinically?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve; by testing visual fields and acuity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS; motor neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors

Question 10

A person is exposed to a sudden loud noise and immediately blinks. Which type of reflex is this, and what is the pathway called?

Accepted Answer

Somatic reflex; reflex arc

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal $$\rightarrow$$ neurotransmitter released $$\rightarrow$$ neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptor $$\rightarrow$$ postsynaptic potential generated

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why damage to the blood-brain barrier can be dangerous?

Accepted Answer

It permits harmful substances in the blood to enter the brain tissue

Question 13

A patient is unable to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and maintain balance. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates digestion and conserves energy

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the path of light through the eye to the retina?

Accepted Answer

Cornea $$\rightarrow$$ aqueous humor $$\rightarrow$$ lens $$\rightarrow$$ vitreous humor $$\rightarrow$$ retina

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of this disease?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between frequency ($$f$$), wavelength ($$\lambda$$), and speed of sound ($$v) in $$the context of hearing?

Accepted Answer

$$v = f 	imes \lambda$$

Question 18

A patient presents with loss of vision in the right visual field of both eyes. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Left optic tract

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between conduction deafness and sensorineural deafness?

Accepted Answer

Conduction deafness is due to impaired transmission of sound vibrations; sensorineural deafness is due to damage to hair cells or auditory nerve

Question 20

A person with strabismus (crossed eyes) is unable to coordinate the movement of both eyes. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Extraocular muscles

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Special Senses

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