Question 1

Which structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the lower respiratory tract during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of the nasal conchae?

Accepted Answer

They increase mucosal surface area to filter, heat, and moisten incoming air.

Question 3

A patient with damage to the ciliated pseudostratified epithelium lining the trachea would most likely experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty moving mucus upward toward the pharynx, increasing risk of infection.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Boyle’s law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 5

During quiet inspiration, which muscles contract to increase thoracic volume?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and intercostals

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Producing surfactant for alveoli

Question 7

A patient with a punctured pleura is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Collapse of the affected lung due to loss of negative intrapleural pressure

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

A thin barrier formed by alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium for gas exchange

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents transpulmonary pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{tp} = P_{pul} - P_{ip}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a protective mechanism of the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nasal mucus containing lysozyme and defensins

Question 11

If airway resistance increases, what happens to gas flow in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Gas flow decreases

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the pleurae is correct?

Accepted Answer

The parietal pleura covers the thoracic wall and diaphragm, while the visceral pleura covers the lung surface.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the conducting and respiratory zones?

Accepted Answer

The conducting zone transports air, while the respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 14

Which cells produce surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 15

A patient is experiencing forced expiration. Which muscles are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal muscles

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the left lung is smaller than the right?

Accepted Answer

The heart is shifted slightly to the left, occupying space in the thoracic cavity.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of reduced surfactant production in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Increased alveolar surface tension, leading to alveolar collapse

Question 18

Which structure serves as both an air and food passageway and houses the palatine and lingual tonsils?

Accepted Answer

Oropharynx

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the trachealis muscle?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the trachea’s diameter during contraction, increasing the force of air expelled from the lungs.

Question 20

A patient with an infection limited to one pleural cavity is less likely to have the infection spread to the other lung. Which anatomical feature explains this?

Accepted Answer

The pleurae divide the thoracic cavity into three discrete chambers, limiting the spread of infection.

The Respiratory System: Functional Anatomy and Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드