$$1 \text{ cm} \leq d \leq 1.4 \text{ cm}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

It carries sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord.

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Which deficit would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary muscle movement in the affected area.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the approximate diameter range of the adult spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ cm} \leq d \leq 1.4 	ext{ cm}$$

Question 4

Which spinal nerve group is responsible for innervating the upper limbs?

Accepted Answer

Cervical nerves (C1–C8)

Question 5

If a sensory pathway crosses to the opposite side of the CNS, this is called:

Accepted Answer

Contralateral transmission

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why pain-relieving (analgesic) systems are important during periods of stress?

Accepted Answer

They block synaptic transmission between pain-transmitting neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord.

Question 7

Which structure in the spinal cord contains cell bodies and dendrites of interneurons, and is involved in processing sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal horn of gray matter

Question 8

A patient has lost motor control of the right side of their body. Where in the brain would you expect to find damage?

Accepted Answer

Left hemisphere

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a mixed nerve?

Accepted Answer

A nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers.

Question 10

If the spinal cord is damaged at the level of T12, which spinal nerves would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic nerves

Question 11

Which equation best represents the total number of pairs of spinal nerves in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 31$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the transmission of a voluntary motor signal to wiggle your finger?

Accepted Answer

Motor cortex → spinal cord → ventral root → peripheral nerve → muscle

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the organization of gray and white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter is concentrated centrally in a butterfly-shaped region, surrounded by white matter.

Question 14

Which of the following tracts transmits sensory information from the spinal cord to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts

Question 15

A patient has lost the ability to perceive pain in their left leg, but can still move it. Which part of the spinal cord is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal horn

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of cervical spinal nerves ($$n_c) $$and cervical vertebrae ($$v_c$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$n_c = v_c + 1$$

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the lateral horns of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

They contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the body can block the perception of pain during stress?

Accepted Answer

Descending tracts activate analgesic systems that inhibit pain transmission in the spinal cord.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the axon in a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

It transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Question 20

A patient has a lesion affecting the ascending tracts on the right side of the spinal cord. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sensory perception on the left side of the body.

The Spinal Cord: Structure, Function, and Associated Nerves

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