$$\mathrm{Tyrosine} \xrightarrow{\text{tyrosinase}} \mathrm{Melanin}$$

Question 1

Which process best describes the replacement of destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue, restoring normal function?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration

Question 2

A patient suffers a deep skin wound. Which sequence correctly describes the order of tissue repair events?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation → Organization → Regeneration/Fibrosis

Question 3

Which tissue type has virtually no functional regenerative capacity?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

During the inflammatory response, increased blood vessel permeability allows which of the following to occur?

Accepted Answer

Plasma proteins and white blood cells to enter the injured area

Question 5

Scar tissue formation in the heart can lead to which of the following consequences?

Accepted Answer

Progressive failure of the heart

Question 6

Which cell type is responsible for producing collagen fibers to bridge a wound during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 7

If a patient develops cyanosis (bluish skin), which is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 8

Which layer of the epidermis contains stem cells that continually divide to produce new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 9

A patient presents with yellowish skin. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Liver disorder

Question 10

Which pigment is produced by melanocytes and protects keratinocyte DNA from UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 11

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for providing strength and resiliency to the skin?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer

Question 12

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 13

A patient with a deep wound develops a thick scar. Which of the following is a potential complication of excessive scar tissue formation?

Accepted Answer

Adherence of organs to surrounding structures

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why fair-skinned individuals appear pinkish?

Accepted Answer

Low melanin allows hemoglobin to show through

Question 15

Which formula represents the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine to melanin in melanocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Tyrosine} \xrightarrow{	ext{tyrosinase}} \mathrm{Melanin}$$

Question 16

Which cell type in the epidermis acts as a sensory receptor for touch?

Accepted Answer

Merkel cell

Question 17

A patient presents with black-and-blue marks (ecchymoses) after a fall. What is the physiological basis for this skin color change?

Accepted Answer

Blood clot breakdown beneath the skin

Question 18

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 19

Which connective tissue type is found superficially in the dermis and allows phagocytes to patrol for microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue

Question 20

A patient with insulin resistance develops hyperpigmented dark areas on the skin. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Acanthosis nigricans

Tissue Repair and Regeneration: Structure, Function, and Development

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